This blog provides guidance on navigating school schedules for autistic children who need ABA therapy and offers tips for working with Individualized Education Program (IEP) teams to prioritize this vital intervention, including accommodating center-based ABA therapy during school hours.

Balancing school schedules and therapy sessions can be challenging for parents of children with autism. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy is an evidence-based intervention that helps children develop communication, social, and daily living skills. For many families in Michigan, ensuring ABA therapy is integrated into their child’s education plan requires active advocacy and collaboration with schools.

The Importance of ABA Therapy for Autistic Children

ABA therapy is widely recognized as the gold standard for autism treatment. By breaking down complex skills into manageable steps and reinforcing positive behaviors, ABA empowers children to make meaningful progress in communication, social interactions, and independence.

Benefits of ABA Therapy

• Improved Communication: Develops both verbal and nonverbal language skills.
• Behavior Management: Reduces challenging behaviors by identifying triggers and implementing effective strategies.
• Social Skill Development: Helps children build relationships and navigate social situations.
• Increased Independence: Teaches essential life skills to promote self-sufficiency.

For children in Michigan, accessing ABA therapy can complement their school-based education and provide a more comprehensive approach to meeting their developmental needs.

Advocating for ABA Therapy Through an IEP

An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a legally binding document that outlines the specialized support and accommodations a child with special needs will receive in school. If your child has an autism diagnosis with a medical recommendation for Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy, advocating for its inclusion in their IEP is crucial.

It is not uncommon for schools to push back against requests for ABA support or to deny scheduling flexibility for therapy sessions. However, as a parent, you have the legal right to advocate for your child’s access to ABA therapy—especially when it is deemed medically necessary. If you have a referral from your child’s doctor for ABA services, you can present this documentation as part of your advocacy efforts.

Steps to Advocate for ABA Therapy in an IEP:

1. Understand Your Rights

Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), children with autism are entitled to a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE).

2. Gather Supporting Documentation

Work with your child’s ABA provider to obtain:

• A diagnosis report from a qualified professional
• Progress reports and treatment plans demonstrating the effectiveness of ABA therapy
• Specific examples of how ABA supports your child’s learning and development

3. Collaborate with the IEP Team

During the IEP meeting, take an active role in ensuring your child receives the best possible support:

• Share ABA Therapy Goals & Progress: Provide updates on your child’s progress in ABA therapy and highlight how these goals align with their educational and behavioral needs.
• Discuss the Role of ABA in Education: Explain how ABA strategies can support your child’s learning, social skills, and classroom behavior, reinforcing their IEP goals.
• Include Your Child’s BCBA: As a parent, you have the right to invite your child’s Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) to the IEP meeting. Their professional insight can help bridge the gap between therapy and school-based interventions.
• Advocate for Scheduling Flexibility: If center-based ABA therapy is essential for your child’s development, request accommodations that allow them to leave school during designated hours without penalty.

By actively collaborating with the IEP team, you can help ensure that ABA therapy and school-based interventions work hand in hand to support your child’s success.

Navigating School and Therapy Schedules

Creating a schedule that balances school and ABA therapy requires careful planning. Here are some tips for parents:

1. Communicate with School Staff

Keep an open line of communication with teachers, special education staff, and administrators. Ensure they understand your child’s therapy needs and how it complements their education. Clearly explain the importance of center-based ABA therapy and the necessity of scheduling flexibility.

2. Coordinate Therapy Times

Work with your ABA provider to schedule therapy sessions during times that minimize disruption to your child’s core academic learning. Consider options such as:

• Therapy sessions on select days
• Adjusting your child’s daily school start or end time to accommodate therapy

3. Use Technology for Progress Updates

Many ABA providers use digital platforms to track progress. Share relevant updates with the school team to maintain consistency in interventions.

4. Prioritize Flexibility

Recognize that adjustments may be necessary as your child’s needs evolve. Collaborate with all parties involved to create a plan that supports both therapy and education.

Why Choose Lighthouse Autism Center?

At Lighthouse Autism Center, we specialize in providing high-quality, center-based ABA therapy tailored to each child’s unique needs. With locations across Michigan, we offer:

• Experienced Professionals: Our Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs) and Registered Behavior Technicians (RBTs) are committed to delivering compassionate, evidence-based care.
• Collaborative Approach: We partner with families and schools to ensure a seamless integration of therapy and education.
• Flexible Scheduling: Our team works with parents to create therapy schedules that align with school commitments.

Commitment to Your Child’s Growth and Success

Navigating school schedules for children with autism who need center-based ABA therapy during school hours can feel overwhelming, but with the right tools and advocacy, it’s possible to create a plan that supports your child’s growth and success. By collaborating with your child’s IEP team and partnering with trusted ABA providers like Lighthouse Autism Center, you can ensure your child receives the comprehensive care they deserve.

Autistic children often experience social interactions differently, processing social cues and conventions in unique ways and struggling with the basic social skills many of us take for granted. This blog explores how social deficits can affect their daily lives, from communication struggles to peer interactions, and steps parents and caregivers can take to help their children develop essential social skills. 

Understanding Social Skills Deficits in Autistic Children

Parents and caregivers often notice the first signs of autism when they’re observing how their child interacts with others. A deficit in social communication is one of the core symptoms that define autism spectrum disorder, and these autism signs can manifest in various ways, from how a child responds to their name to how they engage in play. In this blog, we look at what social deficits are, how they may impact the daily lives of autistic children, and a few ways that parents and caregivers can support their autistic children in becoming more comfortable and confident in social situations. 

What Are Social Skills Deficits in Autistic Children?

To understand the challenges that autistic children (and adults) face in terms of social skills, we must first define what social skills are. 

Social skills can be understood as the skills we use to communicate with the people we encounter daily. These include verbal and nonverbal communication methods, such as words and tone, gestures, and body language. More complex social skills also include understanding social norms, seeking social engagement, and understanding emotions. Social skills are important because they allow us to build and maintain relationships with others and communicate our needs, wants, and thoughts effectively. This can positively impact many areas of our lives, from career success and stress management to independence, conflict resolution, and even our emotional well-being.  

However, autistic people often have certain social skills deficits, which means they may have significant challenges in developing or using these important social tools. That said, it’s important to note that autism presents differently in each person, so your autistic child may not display all (or even any) of these deficits. Some common examples of social skills deficits in autism include: 

• Little to no interest in social interactions. 
• Difficulty with listening and following conversations. 
• Challenges in interpreting non-verbal cues like body language and facial expressions. 
• Difficulty following instructions or directions. 
• Speaking excessively during a conversation or interrupting frequently. 
• Limited use of nonverbal social communication, such as pointing. 
• Challenges with initiating or maintaining conversations. 
• Difficulty empathizing and building rapport with others. 
• Challenges in understanding or responding appropriately to the emotions of others.  
• Taking everything said to them literally. 

The Impact of a Lack of Social Skills

For an autistic child, a deficit in key social skills can have significant consequences that affect multiple areas of their lives. These consequences often include: 

• Social rejection and isolation: Autistic children may find it hard to make friends or join in on group activities, often leading to feelings of loneliness and isolation. 
• Academic struggles: Social skills are extremely important in a classroom setting. Without social skills, an autistic child may struggle to speak up in class, communicate with teachers and peers, or participate in group projects.  
• Mental health challenges: The constant effort of navigating social situations can lead to increased anxiety, depression, stress, and sometimes aggression. 
• Emotional development challenges: The ability to connect with others and understand social dynamics plays a significant role in emotional development. A lack of social skills can impact an autistic child’s self-esteem and self-awareness, making it harder for them to cope with emotions and build resilience. 
• Physical health impacts: Stress and anxiety are known to cause several physical health issues, from gastrointestinal issues to sleep difficulties and other stress-related physical health problems. Autistic children with severe social deficits may also be less likely to engage in physical activities or sports, which can impact their overall physical health and development. 
• Future opportunities and independence concerns: As children grow, social skills become increasingly important for navigating various aspects of life, including higher education and employment. Early social skills deficits can have long-term effects on the child’s ability to achieve independence and succeed in adulthood. 

How To Help Autistic Children Who Lack Social Skills

The good news is that many aspects of social skills can be taught or improved. This can have numerous benefits for an autistic child, including lower stress levels, better outcomes, a stronger social network, and more success throughout their life. 

Here are some tips to help improve social communication deficits in autistic children. 

Lead by Example

As a parent, one of the easiest ways to help your child better understand how to interact with others is by leading by example. Your child will mimic you, including your social interactions, so being a good role model for your child will help them develop good social skills. 

Roleplay

Is it your autistic child’s first day at school? Perhaps they’re going to a birthday party for the first time? Or maybe another child has just taken their favorite toy? Whatever the situation is, you can help your child be prepared by roleplaying both expected and unexpected events that may take place in their life. 

Practice Using Toys and Games

Another important way for your child to improve their social skills is by using games that encourage the skills you want them to learn. For example, have a tea party with their stuffed animals and play out how the party should go with your child and their toys. A game that has turns, such as checkers or chess, is another great way to help your child understand the concept of taking turns with other people.  

Encourage Interactions With Allistic Children

Whatever situation your autistic child is in, it’s important that you provide them with opportunities to engage with their allistic peers, either in a formal schooling environment or through specifically arranged events or playdates. Neurodiverse and neurotypical kids can learn a lot from each other, so getting them to socialize healthily can be a win-win. 

Be On the Lookout for Buddy Programs

Your autistic child can also learn from people who are older than them but not necessarily adults. Some programs offer autistic children the chance to interact with older individuals who can act as mentors by helping autistic children learn and improve their social skills through various activities in the buddy program. This can be especially helpful if you can find an older neurodivergent person as a mentor — their lived experience will likely have equipped them with healthy coping strategies and techniques they can help your child with. 

Praise Successful Social Interactions

If your autistic child has a positive interaction with a peer or adult, it’s important to let them know they did a good job. This will encourage them to interact positively with others in the future.  

Specific Social Skills Lesson

If you are unable to assist your child yourself, it’s important that you enroll them in a school environment that provides them with specific social skills lessons or seek out the assistance of a specialist who can help them outside of a school setting. Many health professionals, including psychologists and occupational therapists, can assist you and your child with learning and improving their social interactions. 

Discover How Lighthouse Autism Therapy Centers Can Help Your Autistic Child

At Lighthouse Autism Center, we provide a unique approach to ABA therapy that helps your child change, learn, or improve certain behaviors. This approach is known as Lighthouse Fusion® ABA therapy and combines ABA and speech therapy into an enhanced therapeutic program for autistic children. We also provide extensive autism resources to help you better understand autism, how it affects your child, and more. 

Communication is a vital part of our daily lives. For those who have difficulty with vocal speech, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) can be a useful tool. AAC devices can help both children and adults with speech difficulties express themselves, connect with others, and improve their independence. Read this blog for a deep dive into this helpful communication support method. 

Understanding AAC for Autism & Using AAC Devices

Communication is the foundation of human connection and interaction. However, it’s also one of the areas where autistic children tend to struggle most. If your child has difficulty with speech, finding a way to help them express themselves can make a huge difference in their lives. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is a way for people who have difficulty with speech or lack the ability to speak entirely, to communicate their needs, wants, and desires. In this blog, we unpack what AAC is, the types of AAC devices you can use, their benefits, and more. 

What Is AAC?

AAC refers to the wide range of systems and tools used to help people with speech challenges, and those who are unable to speak at all, communicate more effectively. This includes people with autism, brain trauma, Down syndrome, degenerative diseases, and other conditions. AAC helps these individuals connect and navigate a world where speech is often the primary way of communicating with others.  

Not every autistic child communicates in the same way, and difficulties with speech can be more severe for some than others. For example, some autistic children may still communicate verbally but struggle with complex sentences or social language, while others may be completely non-verbal. So, AAC isn’t just about finding a replacement for speech; it’s about finding what works for each child and their unique capabilities.  

To better understand AAC, it’s important to unpack what the terms “augmentative” and “alternative” mean in this context.  

• Augmentative communication systems support or assist someone’s ability to speak.  
• Alternative communication systems, on the other hand, provide an alternative to spoken language.  

Different Types of AAC

The different types of AAC can be categorized into two broad groups: unaided and aided. Understanding the differences between these two categories can help you find the right communication support for your child. 

Unaided AAC

Unaided AAC refers to a type of communication system or strategy that doesn’t use any additional tools or materials. Examples of unaided AAC include:  

• Facial expressions: Using facial movements to express emotions. 
• Gestures: Communicating through hand and body movements. 
• Body language: Conveying information through posture and physical actions. 
• Sign language: A structured form of communication using hand movements and facial expressions. 
• Vocalizations: Non-word sounds used to communicate. 

Aided AAC

Aided AAC is a communication system or strategy involving additional tools or materials to facilitate communication. These tools can range from simple picture cards to high-tech devices. Some common aided AAC tools include:  

• Communication boards: Boards with images or symbols that users can point to. 
• Choice cards: Simple cards that show options for activities, foods, or feelings that can help people who struggle with speech express their desires and preferences 
• Speech-Generating Devices (SGDs): Electronic devices that produce spoken words when buttons or symbols are pressed, ranging from basic single-message units to advanced systems that generate full sentences. 
• Mobile communication apps: Various mobile apps offer communication support tools, including text-to-speech and symbol-based communication. 

The key is finding aided AAC tools that match your child’s comfort level, interests, and communication style. Some children might start with simple picture cards and gradually move to more complex devices as their needs and abilities change. 

Aided AAC is where AAC devices come in. 

What Is an AAC Device?

AAC devices are specific communication tools used when an individual is unable to express themselves using spoken or written language.  

The Different Types of AAC Devices

There are two categories of AAC communication devices: Low-tech (non-electronic) and high-tech (electronic). Some common AAC devices that fall into these categories are: 

Low-tech AAC devices

Symbol boards, alphabet boards, communication books, and choice cards. If the user is able to do so, they may select images, words, or phrases. If they have physical limitations, gestures, light pointers, gaze, or a head-mouth stick might also be used. They might also use another way to communicate yes or no, such as nodding their head as someone reads through the options available to them. 

High-tech AAC devices

Speech-generating devices (SGDs) or voice output communication aids (VOCAs), devices with pre-programmed messages and apps on tablets and smartphones. How a user interacts with high-tech AAC devices varies greatly, depending on its capabilities and the user. For example, some SGDs are operated by hand or using eye-tracking technology. 

Depending on the cause of the communication impairment, low-tech or high-tech devices may be better suited to address an individual’s needs than others. However, while some people may need either a low-tech or high-tech device most of the time, they may need a device they normally don’t use.  

For example, someone using symbol boards may have difficulties communicating in a poorly lit room. Another person who uses a device like an iPad to communicate may be unable to do so if they are outdoors and caught in the rain. This is why it is important that people have access to both low- and high-tech AAC devices where possible.  

Both low-tech and high-tech devices are further broken down into three categories, depending on the type of communication system they use. These three categories are: 

Single-Meaning Pictures

A single image has a single meaning. Users are taught what each image means and how they can communicate by gesturing at the word or selecting it, depending on the type of AAC device. Some limitations of these systems are that they may require thousands of images before they can be used meaningfully or that it could be difficult for them to communicate more abstract words like “help,” “stop,” or “mine.” 

Alphabet Systems

Alphabet systems require some level of literacy. Communication occurs when the user points at or selects each letter to spell out the word they are trying to communicate or chooses from complete words. An example of this would be words printed on cards or displayed on a digital device. 

Semantic Compaction

Multiple images are used in a sequence to communicate. A single image has multiple meanings — but these meanings may change depending on the combination of symbols. Users are taught the meanings of each image and how to construct sequences with specific patterns that affect meaning. 

The Benefits of AAC Devices for Autism and Other Speech-Impeding Conditions

For someone with autism, apraxia, traumatic brain injury, or other conditions that affect their speech and those who struggle with verbal or written communication, AAC devices can provide numerous benefits. These benefits can include: 

• Empowering users to become independent 
• Improving the user’s ability to connect with others 
• Improving a user’s speech and written communication skills 
• Improving a user’s overall quality of life by reducing negative factors in their life, such as stress, vulnerability, and loneliness. 

How To Choose an AAC device

Even if you have the best intentions, going in without the requisite knowledge of AAC devices and systems may leave you with a poorly suited device — or one completely unfit for use. This is why it’s important to work with a professional to help you compare the types of AAC devices for autism support and determine which would best suit your child’s needs. Whether it’s a speech-language pathologist (SLP), an occupational therapist (OT), a psychologist, or another suitably qualified individual, they can help you choose the best solution that meets the needs of the individual.  

Learn More About Our Approach to ABA Therapy

Whether or not your autistic child uses an AAC device, we can help them develop and reach their goals with ABA therapy. Take a look at our autism resources to help you better understand autism. You can also learn more about our Lighthouse Fusion® ABA therapy program to find out how we can help autistic children improve their outcomes. 

Safety is a prominent concern for any parent or caregiver of every child regardless of being on the autism spectrum. There are wide variety of activities that can help children with autism learn life skills, work on socialization, and so much more, all while having fun! Children with autism enjoy a variety of activities based on their abilities, skills, and needs.

Safe Activities for Autistic Children

Activities for Autistic Children

Safety is a prominent concern for every parent or caregiver, regardless of whether they are caring for an autistic or allistic child. A wide variety of activities can help autistic children learn life skills, work on socialization, and so much more, all while having fun. Autistic children enjoy a range of activities based on their abilities, skills, and needs. 

Pretend Play

Pretend play opens the doors for your child to use their imagination while they play, turning their usual time playing with blocks, dolls, puppets, or trains into an exciting activity that also acts as a great learning tool. Children can create stories that match their interests, expand their imaginations, and help them learn skills to deal with real life.  

Pretend play also allows your child to explore their creativity and create rich stories by pretending to sail a couch boat, feed a teddy bear, or dress up as their favorite fictional character. Exploring scenarios that mirror real-life experiences, like visiting a grocery store, dentist, or veterinarian, can also help autistic children develop social skills and learn motor and life skills. Pretend play can be one of the most enjoyable and beneficial social skills games for autism because, through these activities, autistic children can learn to understand different perspectives, interpret social cues, and express their creativity.  

All Lighthouse Autism Centers have play-based therapy rooms that immerse children in imaginary and naturalistic play spaces. These spaces offer more motivated learning opportunities and help autistic children become more comfortable in diverse social situations. They create gentle opportunities for autistic children to practice communication, improve their language skills, learn to tolerate overstimulating situations, and build confidence through play. 

Pretend Restaurant

Building on the above point, a fun group skills game for autistic kids is playing restaurant together. Many kids love to do this as it becomes fun, imaginative play. Use play food or hand-drawn food, a notepad, and a pen, and create play money to enhance the experience. Kids will love eating at the restaurant or even running their own restaurant and taking orders. This simple activity creates a fun, interactive environment that allows children to explore different roles, practice communication, and engage in storytelling through a familiar and enjoyable activity. By designing menus, serving “customers,” and managing their restaurant, autistic children can develop important social skills in a fun, safe, and supportive way. 

Object Sorting 

Sorting is an important occupational  and language building activity for autistic children. Collect various items such as play foods or toy blocks and have your child sort them into categories. Kids can also sort snacks by size, color, and similarities. Work on adding and subtracting with the snacks, and if you’re using smaller items, you can add an extra challenge by asking your child to sort the items using a pair of tweezers or their less dominant hand. This helps kids with motor skills, colors, shapes, basic math, counting, and more. 

Imitation and Mirroring

Autistic children often struggle to make eye contact. A fun way to encourage them to do so is to ask them to imitate you and/or others. Imitation is also one of the primary ways children learn, so teaching these skills are helpful to support future learning and learning from peers. Use a mirror or a game like Patty Cake to help your child develop social and language skills. Games like Simon Says or Follow the Leader can also encourage imitation and mirroring skills for autistic children. These games can help improve social and motor skills. 

Music

Music offers a powerful, multisensory experience for autistic children. The rhythm, repetition, and sounds of music can calm autistic children and teach them important language, communication, and rhythm skills. Share songs that rhyme, include physical actions, or incorporate daily activities like dressing or eating food. Let kids explore sound by shaking maracas, banging pans together, and playing other instruments as they make music. This can be a fun activity for autistic kids that allows them to create and experience music in their own unique way. 

Singing

Encourage your autistic child to sing. This is important for a child’s development, as well as their expression and creativity. Learn new songs together as a family. Play some of your favorite songs from when you were growing up. 

Dancing

Lighthouse Autism Center often celebrates Fun Fridays with a dance party. It’s important for autistic children to be creative in their movements. Dancing is very fun and expressive and supports motor skills and socialization, and get out some energy! 

Online Sensory Games 

Online sensory games can be a valuable resource for autistic children, offering a safe and engaging way to develop various skills while having fun. Autism-friendly online games provide sensory stimulation through visually and audibly appealing content, helping children improve their cognitive abilities, motor skills, and social interactions. By creating a controlled and structured environment, online sensory games can reduce anxiety and increase comfort, making them an excellent, safe activity for autistic children. 

Board Games

Board games provide invaluable opportunities for autistic children to develop social skills, practice turn-taking, and improve their problem-solving abilities. These structured activities offer a predictable, comfortable environment where children can learn cooperation, manage emotions, and engage with others through interactive play. When choosing board games for autistic kids, opt for games that align with your child’s interests and sensory needs. This can help you create enjoyable learning experiences for your autistic child that support cognitive and social development. 

Outdoor Activities and Playgrounds

Playground visits help autistic children stay active and engage their emotions and senses, as well as offer several social opporunities. Visit a park and allow children to slide, swing, and run as they play alone or with peers. Lighthouse Autism Center offers private playgrounds at all our centers for active outdoor play. 

Swimming

According to the Autism Spectrum Disorder Foundation (ASDF), swimming provides invaluable therapy for autistic children, as well as providing opportunities for improved speech, coordination, social skills, self-esteem, and cognitive processing. Enrolling your autistic child in swimming lessons can be highly beneficial. Many autistic children are drawn to water for its calming sensory experience. However, water can also present a major safety concern. Drowning is the leading cause of accidental death for children and adults on the autism spectrum. According to the National Autism Association, accidental drowning accounted for approximately 90% of total U.S. reported deaths in autistic children under the age of 14. Furthermore, introducing your child to water safely and seeking swim lessons has proven highly beneficial for autistic children. 

Water Table

A water table offers a fantastic sensory play experience for autistic children, helping them develop critical neural pathways through tactile, visual, and proprioceptive exploration. Use a water table, a small inflatable or plastic pool, a bucket, or a bathtub. Drop items into the water to have your child scoop out with a kitchen spoon or tongs. Add toys, pompoms, balls, and anything else to engage your child in this fun sensory exploration. 

Swinging 

Swinging is a very therapeutic activity for autistic children. There are so many ways to use a swing for therapy. All Lighthouse Autism Centers include a swing in our play spaces. They are versatile because they can be used for calming and self-regulation or just a fun, enjoyable activity. Many parents of autistic children purchase sensory swings for at-home use. 

Water Balloon Toss 

This is a simple and fun way to play catch while getting wet and staying cool in the heat. Toss balloons into buckets and knock over objects you have set up. Smaller balloons are harder to pop, so the smaller you make some balloons for games, the longer the play can continue. 

Bubble Blowing

Blowing and catching bubbles is a favorite activity at Lighthouse Autism Center. This activity helps children with sensory and joint attention difficulties. 

Drawing and Coloring

Drawing helps autistic children develop fine motor skills, work through emotions, and experiment with colors, textures, and shapes. Provide crayons, paints, and pencils, and let them color a picture or create their own design on a blank canvas. 

Story time

Storytime is another favorite at our centers. Books are a great resource to work on various skills. Ask kids questions as you read. For example, if you were reading “Cinderella,” you could ask things like “can you find Cinderella? Or what color is her dress?” This helps autistic children learn empathy and helps them with perspective-taking. 

If your child receives an autism diagnosis, you may encounter many unfamiliar acronyms in medical reports, therapy plans, and educational documents. Understanding these terms and abbreviations can not only help you; it can help you support and advocate for your autistic child. Here’s a guide to the most common acronyms you’ll encounter in autism care and support services. 

Acronyms Used With Autism Spectrum Disorder 

Autism Acronyms and Abbreviations: What You Need To Know

Do you have a child who has recently been diagnosed with autism? You might feel confused or even slightly overwhelmed by the acronyms used by healthcare providers, educators, and other autism support professionals. We understand — autism terminology can be complex at first, and there is a lot to learn. From diagnostic terms to ABA therapy acronyms and terms for educational accommodations, understanding the most common acronyms and abbreviations for autism-related services, therapies, and support systems will help you navigate your child’s care more confidently. 

There are many autism terms to learn, but don’t worry — we’ll start with the basics.  

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism Spectrum Disorder is defined as a neurodevelopmental condition that influences how people perceive, experience, and interact with the world around them. Every autistic person has their own unique way of processing information, communicating, and engaging with others.  

In the past, professionals used various categories to describe different presentations of autism.  

• Autistic disorder 
• Pervasive developmental disorder — not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) 
• Childhood disintegrative disorder 
• Asperger syndrome 

In recent years, our understanding of autism has evolved significantly. Today, rather than trying to fit autistic people into rigid categories, we now recognize that autism exists on a dynamic spectrum. So, ASD is an umbrella term that better reflects the diverse ways autism can present. This modern understanding acknowledges that autistic individuals may: 

• Have varying communication styles and preferences 
• Process sensory information differently 
• Show intense passion and deep knowledge in specific areas 
• Experience social interactions in unique ways 
• Benefit from different types and levels of support 

This shift away from rigid categories toward a spectrum model helps families and professionals develop more personalized, effective support strategies that celebrate each person’s individual strengths while addressing their specific needs.  

Autistic people may experience differences in: 

• Motor coordination and physical movement 
• Daily living skills and routines 
• Speech and language development 
• Social communication and interaction 
• Sensory processing and regulation 

Note: While Rett syndrome was once classified as part of the autism spectrum, it is now recognized as a distinct genetic neurological condition caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene. 

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a structured teaching approach that helps autistic people develop important life skills through carefully designed learning experiences. Skills are broken down into manageable steps, with progress measured and celebrated through positive reinforcement. ABA programs will include measurable goals, which are regularly reviewed and adjusted based on the individual’s progress. 

Since its introduction in the 1960s, ABA has evolved into a comprehensive therapy that emphasizes: 

• Person-centered planning that respects individual preferences 
• Development of meaningful life skills 
• Support for communication and social interaction 
• Focus on functional skills that enhance independence 
• Partnership with families and caregivers 

ABA is an evidence-based practice supported by extensive research and clinical studies. The therapy techniques are versatile and can be applied in various settings, such as homes, schools, and community centers. Modern ABA practices also adhere to strict ethical standards, as set by organizations such as the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB).  

While ABA has received support from various medical and governmental organizations, including the U.S. Surgeon General, therapy choices are ultimately personal decisions. So, it’s important for families to work with their healthcare providers and ABA therapists to identify the most appropriate combination of support methods for their autistic child’s unique needs. 

Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA)

A graduate-level professional certified in behavior analysis, by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board. BCBAs design and oversee behavior-analytic interventions, evaluate individuals, and create personalized treatment plans to ensure high-quality care. These professionals also provide supervision for RBTs, BCaBAs, and other professionals working in the field.  

Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analyst (BCaBA) 

A BCaBA holds an undergraduate-level certification in behavior analysis, also from the Behavior Analyst Certification Board. BCaBAs are not independent practitioners and must work under the guidance of a certified BCBA. To start, BCaBAs may assist with tasks like data collection, observing sessions, and preparing progress reports. As they gain experience, BCaBAs will take on more active responsibilities, spending more time engaging with patients and applying research methodologies to prepare for their BCBA certification. 

Registered Behavior Technician (RBT)

A paraprofessional in behavior analysis who practices under the close, ongoing supervision of a BCBA. This role is also often referred to as a behavior therapist. RBTs work one-on-one with autistic children to help them develop new skills and decrease socially significant problem behavior. RBTs receive in-depth training in behavior analysis, required by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board.  

Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP)

SLPs are experts in communication. SLPs work with people of all ages, from babies to adults. SLPs treat many types of communication and swallowing problems. These include problems with: 

• Speech sounds 
• Language 
• Literacy 
• Social communication 
• Voice 
• Fluency 
• Cognitive communication 
• Feeding and swallowing 

Dually Certified Clinician (BCBA/SLP)

Dually Certified Clinicians are those who hold 2 certifications in different areas of expertise. In this case, we are talking about a Board-Certified Behavior Analyst and Speech Language Pathologist (BCBA/SLP). BCBA/SLPs are highly skilled and rare; with only a couple of hundred worldwide, they have a master’s degree in both ABA and speech-language pathology and are certified BCBAs and SLPs. 

Occupational Therapy (OT) 

Occupational therapy is a field of healthcare that treats people who have injuries, disabilities, or other conditions, including autism. The main goal of occupational therapy for autism is to improve the patient’s quality of life. Through interventions, occupational therapists can help people with ASD gain independence. 

After the evaluation, the occupational therapist works with the patient and family to develop an intervention plan and treatment goals. Occupational therapy interventions for autism may include: 

• Focusing on sensory integration and sensory-based strategies. 
• Emphasizing mental health and wellness. 
• Implementing emotional development and self-regulation strategies and programs. 
• Organizing peer groups, social participation, and play activities. 
• Improving self-care routines to help with daily activities such as bathing, feeding, and grooming. 
• Working on motor development. 
• Supporting adolescents’ transition into adulthood and helping them build workforce skills. 
• Using cognitive behavioral approaches to support positive behaviors. 
• Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI) Training. 
• Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS). 
• Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) testing. 
• Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) testing. 

Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI) Training

CPI is best described as nonviolent crisis intervention training designed to teach best practices for managing difficult situations and disruptive behaviors. Therapists learn how to identify at-risk individuals and use nonverbal and verbal techniques to defuse hostile behavior. This type of training ensures the utmost safety of the children and staff at our centers 

To learn more, visit https://www.crisisprevention.com. 

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) 

PECS is a unique alternative/augmentative communication system developed in the U.S.A. in 1985 by Andy Bondy, PhD, and Lori Frost, MS, CCC-SLP. PECS was first implemented with preschool students diagnosed with autism at the Delaware Autism Program. Since then, PECS has successfully been implemented worldwide, with thousands of learners of all ages facing various cognitive, physical, and communication challenges. The primary goal of PECS is to teach functional communication by exchanging pictures which indicate what a person wants.  

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)

AAC refers to various communication methods that support or replace spoken language. For many autistic individuals, tools like AAC for autism can help them express their thoughts, needs, and feelings more clearly. These methods can be as simple as picture cards (like PECS) or as advanced as speech-generating devices, or apps on tablets. These tools are especially valuable when combined with speech therapy and other supports, like ABA therapy. 

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)

This is an activity-based assessment administered by trained clinicians to evaluate communication skills, social interaction, and imaginative use of materials in individuals suspected of having autism spectrum disorder. 

Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)

This 15-item observation-based rating scale is designed to accurately identify autism characteristics and differentiate them from other developmental conditions. This tool can be useful during early evaluations because many developmental conditions share overlapping traits. For example, when you compare ADHD vs. autism, children might show similar traits and behaviors, such as difficulty focusing or challenges in social situations. However, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale helps clinicians observe and evaluate specific patterns of behavior, communication, and social interaction unique to autism. In CARS, the following characteristics are evaluated:  

• The child’s ability to develop and maintain relationships with others. 
• Their capacity to imitate and mirror others’ actions. 
• How they express and process emotions. 
• Their body movement and coordination. 
• How they interact with and use objects. 
• Their adaptability to changes in routine. 
• Response to visual and auditory stimuli. 
• Reactions to sensory experiences (taste, smell, touch). 
• Expression of fear or nervousness. 
• Verbal and non-verbal communication abilities. 
• Activity levels and energy patterns. 
• The level and consistency of their intellectual responses. 
• General clinical impressions. 

Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)

This is a validated screening tool that parents can use to assess their children’s risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder, typically when they are between 16 and 30 months old. It consists of 20 yes/no questions about a child’s behavior, which parents can complete in about 10 minutes. The M-CHAT will provide an autism risk assessment that can help parents identify if their children may need further evaluation for ASD.